WHO Acupuncture Safety & Availability-Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation -WHO Acupuncture Safety & Availability-Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

Safety

Generally speaking, acupuncture treatment is safe if it is performed properly by a well-trained practitioner. Unlike many drugs, it is non-toxic, and adverse reactions are minimal. This is probably one of the chief reasons why acupuncture is so popular in the treatment of chronic pain in many countries. As mentioned previously, acupuncture is comparable with morphine preparations in its effectiveness against chronic pain, but without the adverse effects of morphine, such as dependency.

Even if the effect of acupuncture therapy is less potent than that of conventional treatments, acupuncture may still be worth considering because of the toxicity or adverse effects of conventional treatments. For example, there are reports of controlled clinical trials showing that acupuncture is effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (4–6), although not as potent as corticosteroids. Because, unlike corticosteroids, acupuncture treatment, does not cause serious side-effects, it seems reasonable to use acupuncture for treating this condition, despite the difference in effectiveness.

Availability and practicability

The availability and practicability of acupuncture are also important factors to consider. The advantages of acupuncture are that it is simple, convenient and has few contraindications. Although the success rate of acupuncture therapy in treating kidney stones, for example, is confirmed by comparative studies with other therapies (7), it is by no means as high as that of surgical intervention. However, acupuncture treatment of kidney stones is still worth recommending because of its simplicity, which makes it more acceptable to patients.

There are also instances where acupuncture is not more practicable than conventional therapy. For example, the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment of acute bacillary dysentery has been shown to be comparable with that of furazolidone (8–10), but this is of rather academic significance because oral administration of furazolidone or other antidysenteric drugs is more convenient.

The conditions of the health service in a given country or area should also be considered in evaluating acupuncture practice. In developing countries, where medical personnel and medicines are still lacking, the need for acupuncture may be considerable and urgent; proper use of this simple and economic therapy could benefit a large number of patients. On the other hand, in developed countries, where the health system is well established, with sophisticated technology, adequate personnel and a well-equipped infrastructure, acupuncture might be considered to be of great value in only a limited number of conditions. It could still serve as a valuable alternative treatment for many diseases or conditions for which modern conventional treatments are unsuccessful. It is also valuable in situations where the patient is frightened of the potential risks or adverse effects of modern conventional treatments. In fact, in some developed countries, the diseases for which patients seek help from acupuncturists tend to be beyond the scope of orthodox medicine.

Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari, Sivagangai District, Tamilnadu State, India-630502. E-Mail. dr98646@gmail.com

WHO Acupuncture-Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation

WHO Acupuncture-Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

General considerations

Definition

Acupuncture literally means to puncture with a needle. However, the application of needles is often used in combination with moxibustion—the burning on or over the skin of selected herbs—and may also involve the application of other kinds of stimulation to certain points. In this publication the term “acupuncture” is used in its broad sense to include traditional body needling, moxibustion, electric acupuncture (electro-acupuncture), laser acupuncture (photo-acupuncture), microsystem acupuncture such as ear (auricular), face, hand and scalp acupuncture, and acupressure (the application of pressure at selected sites).

Need for evaluation

Acupuncture originated in China many centuries ago and soon spread to Japan, the Korean peninsula and elsewhere in Asia. Acupuncture is widely used in health care systems in the countries of this region; it is officially recognized by governments and well received by the general public.

Although acupuncture was introduced to Europe as long ago as the early seventeenth century, scepticism about its effectiveness continues to exist in countries where modern Western medicine is the foundation of health care, especially in those where acupuncture has not yet been widely practised. People question whether acupuncture has a true therapeutic effect, or whether it works merely through the placebo effect, the power of suggestion, or the enthusiasm with which patients wish for a cure. There is therefore a need for scientific studies that evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture under controlled clinical conditions.

This publication reviews selected studies on controlled clinical trials. Some of these studies have provided incontrovertible scientific evidence that acupuncture is more successful than placebo treatments in certain conditions. For example, the proportion of chronic pain relieved by acupuncture is generally in the range 55–85%, which compares favourably with that of potent drugs (morphine helps in 70% of cases) and far outweighs the placebo effect (30–35%) (1–3). In addition, the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia have been studied extensively since the late 1970s, revealing the role of neural and humoral factors.

Evaluation methodology

Unlike the evaluation of a new drug, controlled clinical trials of acupuncture are extremely difficult to conduct, particularly if they have to be blind in design and the acupuncture has to be compared with a placebo. Various “sham” or “placebo” acupuncture procedures have been designed, but they are not easy toperform in countries such as China where acupuncture is widely used. In these countries, most patients know a great deal about acupuncture, including the special sensation that should be felt after insertion or during manipulation of the needle. Moreover, acupuncturists consider these procedures unethical because they are already convinced that acupuncture is effective. In fact, most of the placebo-controlled clinical trials have been undertaken in countries where there is scepticism about acupuncture, as well as considerable interest.

A more practical way to evaluate the therapeutic effect of acupuncture is to compare it with the effect of conventional therapy through randomized controlled trials or group studies, provided that the disease conditions before treatment are comparable across the groups, with outcome studies developed for all patients.

Because of the difficulty of ruling out the placebo effect, a comparative study with no treatment as the control may not be convincing in the evaluation of acupuncture practice. Retrospective surveys, in which the effect of acupuncture therapy is compared with past treatments, may not be of significance either, particularly if they have not been well designed. Non-comparative studies are certainly of little significance, particularly when acupuncture is used for the treatment of a self-limited disease. However, if rapid improvement can be achieved in the treatment of a long-standing, chronic disease, or if there is definite improvement in a disease that is generally recognized as intractable to conventional treatment, the effect of acupuncture should be viewed in a more favourable light, even when a well-designed, controlled study has not been carried out.

Another difficulty in evaluating acupuncture practice is that the therapeutic effect depends greatly on the proficiency of the acupuncturists—their ability and skill in selecting and locating the acupuncture points and in manipulating the needles. This may partly explain the disparities or inconsistencies in the results reported by different authors, even when their studies were carried out on equally sound methodological bases.

Evaluating acupuncture practice and arriving at generally accepted conclusions is no easy task, therefore. While effectiveness is doubtless of the utmost importance, other factors, including safety, cost, availability and the condition of local health services must also be considered. Given the same effectiveness, these other factors may lead to different evaluations of acupuncture in different countries and areas. However, conclusions are needed that apply to worldwide use, particularly for countries and areas where proper development of acupuncture practice would bring a great deal of benefit. Evaluations should not therefore be confined to those diseases for which modern conventional treatments are inadequate or ineffective.

Because of the success of surgical procedures carried out under acupuncture analgesia, the treatment of pain with acupuncture has been extensively studied. For other conditions often treated with acupuncture, there are fewer reports that have adequate methodology.

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Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari // <![CDATA[
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WHO Acupuncture Education & Training Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation

WHO Acupuncture Education & Training

Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

Current Education and Training

for TCM Practitioners

Before the topic of education and training is addressed, the MPP Group notes the importance of differentiatingbetween the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities’ (MTCU) authority to determine which educational institution may grant certificates, diplomas and degrees and a regulatory college’s power to set entry to practice requirements. While linked, the two are separate in their purpose. In Ontario, the ability of an educational institution to grant certificates, diplomas and/or degrees is not within the mandate of a health regulatory college. MTCU administers several Acts that govern the post-secondary educational system in Ontario. The Post-secondary Education Choice & Excellence Act, 2000 governs degree-granting activity by institutions that do not have degree granting authority in their own

legislation (e.g. private institutions, out-of-province public institutions, and colleges offering applied degrees). The Ontario Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology Act, 2002 also

governs colleges of applied arts and technology (for diplomas and certificates) and the Private Career Colleges Act (PCCA) also governs private career colleges (for diplomas and certificates). To date, no private career colleges offering TCM or acupuncture-related programs leading to a certificate or diploma are registered with MTCU under the PCCA. Similarly, no colleges of applied arts and technology have been granted consent to offer an applied degree or are approved by MTCU to offer a diploma/certificate in TCM or acupuncture. There are also no TCM-related programs provided by universities that have been approved for funding by MTCU. A health regulatory college’s power is related to setting entry to practice requirements. The objective of this power is to ensure that applicants meet requirements that will satisfy the college and the public that the applicant is able to practise safely and in accordance with the standards of practice of the profession. These requirements may include, but are not limited to, obtaining the appropriate level of education, successful completion of an entry exam, evidence of recent safe practice, fluency in English or French, and disclosure of misconduct and/or conviction of a criminal offence.

In HPRAC’s 2001 report, Traditional Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, education requirements for entry to practice (completion of a post-secondary program by a recognized educational institute) was one of the nine criteria used to assess whether the profession of TCM should be regulated. While HPRAC acknowledged that a distinctive body of knowledge exists, at that time, HPRAC found that the TCM community was divided on the issue of the education requirement, especially the level and the number of hours of education and training for entry to practice. At the time of HPRAC’s review, some schools offered four-year full-time programs with over 3000 hours of instruction leading to a “Doctor of TCM diploma” while others offered two-year part-time programs with 600 hours of instruction leading to a “diploma in TCM”. HPRAC noted that it is difficult for students to differentiate between programs in terms of quality and even more difficult for consumers to determine the level ofcompetence of a practitioner. Based on the presentations and written documents that the MPP Group received, the situation remainsmuch the same in 2005. The MPP Group heard that there is a wide range of education and training programs. For example, some participants indicated that they provide a five-year training program for “Doctors of TCM” along with a shorter 1600-hour program for those that want to only practise acupuncture or herbalism.

Other participants indicated that there are TCM programs that have 1350 hours, further demonstrating that there is no consistency with respect to training programs in Ontario.

In addition to differences in length, the MPP Group heard about the diversity that exists in the training curricula, including differences in approach to in-home study, distance learning, in-class theory, and clinical internship.

The MPP Group also heard from participants on what competencies a TCM practitioner should possess in TCM theory, TCM assessment and diagnosis, acupuncture, and herbology, as well as in general western sciences such as anatomy and physiology. Two universities that offer continuing education courses related to TCM and/or acupuncture also presented to the MPP Group. The MPP Group heard that other jurisdictions and international bodies have developed standards for TCM and acupuncture programs. The World Health Organization (WHO), for example, released guidelines in 1999 recommending minimum hours of training for acupuncture as well as core syllabi for acupuncture practitioners. The syllabi include high level competencies that practitioners should be familiar with, including TCM theory,

knowledge of acupuncture points, TCM diagnosis, and treatment principles and techniques.

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Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari, Sivagangai District, Tamilnadu State, India-630502. E-Mail. dr98646@gmail.com

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-14 Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-14    Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

267. Andrzejowski J et al. Semi-permanent acupuncture needles in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Acupuncture-Medicine, 1996, 14(2):68–70.

268. McConaghy P et al. Acupuncture in the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients receiving morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia system. Acupuncture-Medicine, 1996, 14(1):2–5.

269. Schwager KL et al. Acupuncture and postoperative vomiting in day-stay paediatric patients. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 1996, 24(6):674–677.

270. Liu SX et al. Magnetotherapy of neiguan in preventing vomiting induced by cisplatin. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture, 1997, 8(1):39–41.

271 Al-Sadi M et al. Acupuncture in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anaesthesia, 1997, 52(7):658–661.

272. Stein DJ et al. Acupressure versus intravenous metoclopramide to prevent nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 1997, 84(2):342–345.

273. Schlager A et al. Laser stimulation of acupuncture point P6 reduces postoperative vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 1998, 8(4):529–532.

274. Chu YC et al. Effect of BL10 (tianzhu), BL11 (dazhu) and GB34 (yanglingquan) acuplaster for prevention of vomiting after strabismus surgery in children. Acta Anaesthesiologica Sinica, 1998, 36(1):11–16.

275. Alkaissi A et al. Effect and placebo effect of acupressure (P6) on nausea and vomiting after outpatient gynaecological surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1999, 43(3):270–274.

276. Shenkman Z et al. Acupressure-acupuncture antiemetic prophylaxis in children undergoing tonsillectomy. Anesthesiology, 1999, 90(5):1311–1316.

277. Cheng PT et al. A therapeutic trial of acupuncture in neurogenic bladder of spinal cord injured patients—a preliminary report. Spinal Cord, 1998, 36(7):476–480.

278. Felhendler D et al. Pressure on acupoints decreases postoperative pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 1996, 12(4):326–329.

279. Zou M et al. [Observation of therapeutic effects of combined treatment of ginger moxibustion and acupoint-injection in 30 cases of chronic pulmonary heart disease.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 18(7):389–390 [in Chinese].

280. Kho KH. The impact of acupuncture on pain in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy. Pain-Clinic, 1995, 8(1):59–61.

281. Yu DF et al. [Acupuncture treatment in 86 cases of central serous retinopathy.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1997, 17(5):273–274 [in Chinese].

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282. Zhang B et al. [Controlled study of clinical effect of computer controlled electro-acupuncture in the treatment of schizophrenia.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1994, 14(1):17–20 [in Chinese].

283. Yu CQ et al. [Treatment of simple obesity in children with photo-acupuncture.] Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 1998, 18(6):348–350 [in Chinese].

284. Chen Y et al. Observation of the time-effect of acupuncture in improving small airway function. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1997, 7(2):26–28.

285. Santiesteban AJ. Comparison of electro-acupuncture and selected physical therapy for acute spine pain. American Journal of Acupuncture, 1984, 12(3):257–261.

286. Wu QF. 100 cases of stiff neck treated by contralateral acupuncture. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture, 1997, 8(4):427–429.

287. Zou XC et al. [Comparative study of cerebral infarction with acupuncture on six acupoints of yang meridian and calan tablets.] Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 1990, 10(4):199–202 [in Chinese].

81 288. Raustia AM et al. Acupuncture compared with stomatognathic treatment for temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 1986, 56(5):616–623.

289. Ma S et al. [Observation of combined acupuncture and moxibustion treatment of 60 cases of ulcerative colitis.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1997, 17(5):275–276 [in Chinese].

290. Lai XS. [Therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of senile vascular dementia.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1997, 17(4):201–202 [in Chinese].

291. Liu J et al. [Clinical study on treatment of vascular dementia by electroacupuncture of scalp acupoints.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 18(4):197–200 [in Chinese].

292. Jiang GH et al. [Controlled observation of electro-acupuncture treatment of vascular dementia.] Bulletin of Gaungzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine University, 1998, 15(2):110–112 [in Chinese].

293. Wang LQ. [A comparative study on acupuncture treatment of viral encephalitis in children.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 18(7):397–398 [in Chinese].

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Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari, Sivagangai District, Tamilnadu State, India-630502. E-Mail. dr98646@gmail.com

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-13 Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-13    Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

247. Wolkenstein E, Horak F. A statistical evaluation of the protective effect of acupuncture against allergen-provoked rhinitis. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur, 1993, 36(6):132–137.

248. Biernacki W et al. Acupuncture in treatment of stable asthma. Respiratory Medicine, 1998, 92(9):1143–1145.

249. Ding ZS. [Observation of therapeutic effect of 120 cases of bulbar paralysis treated with acupuncture.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1996, 16(3):128–129 [in Chinese].

250. Cai ZM. [The effect of acupuncture and auricular acupressure on colour discrimination.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 18(9):521–522 [in Chinese].

251. Ma RZ et al. Clinical observation and study of mechanisms of acupuncture treatment of coronary heart disease. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1997, 7(1):3–8.

252. Ding J et al. Comparative observation of curative effects of postoperative symptoms of the closed craniocerebral injury treated by acupuncture. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1997, 7(3):26–28.

253. Clavel F et al. Helping people to stop smoking: randomized comparison of groups being treated with acupuncture and nicotine gum with control group. British Medical Journal, 1985, 291:1538–1539.

254. Luo H et al. Clinical research on the therapeutic effect of the electroacupuncture treatment in patients with depression. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 1998, 52 (Suppl.): S338–S340.

255. Liu ZS et al. [Clinical study on acupuncture treatment of dysphagia in pseudobulbar paralysis.] New Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1998, 30(3):24–25. [in Chinese].

256. Ma RH et al. [Clinical observation of 56 cases of hypo-ovarianism treated with acupuncture.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1997, 17(7):395–396 [in Chinese].

257. Tian LT et al. [Clinical observation of 100 children of hypophrenia treated mainly with acupuncture.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1996, 16(6):292–293 [in Chinese].

258. De Aloysio D, Penacchioni P. Morning sickness control in early pregnancy by eiguan point acupressure. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1992 80(5): 852–854.

259. Bayreuther J, Lewith GT, Pickering R. A double-blind cross-over study to evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure at pericardium 6 (P6) in the treatment of early morning sickness (EMS). Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 1994, 2:70–76.

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260. Dundee JW et al. Traditional Chinese acupuncture: a potentially useful antiemetic? British Medical Journal, 1986, 293:383–384

261. Ghaly RG et al. A comparison of manual needling with electrical stimulation and commonly used antiemetics. Anaesthesia, 1987, 45:1108–1110.

262. Weightman WM et al. Traditional Chinese acupuncture as an antiemetic. British Medical Journal, 1987, 295(6610):1379–1380.

263. Dundee JW et al. Acupuncture prophylaxis of cancer chemotherapy-induced sickness. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1989, 82:268–271.

264. Barsoum G et al. Postoperative nausea is relieved by acupressure. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1990, 83(2):86–89.

265. Ho RT et al. Electro-acupuncture and postoperative emesis. Anaesthesia, 1990, 45:327–329.

266. Ho CM et al. Effect of PC 6 acupressure on prevention of nausea and vomiting after epidural morphine for post-cesarean section pain relief. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1996, 40(3):372–375.

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Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari, Sivagangai District, Tamilnadu State, India-630502. E-Mail. dr98646@gmail.com

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-12 Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-12    Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

228. Li HQ et al. [Acupuncture treatment in 42 cases of acne vulgaris.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 18(3):166 [in Chinese].

229. Wang J et al. [Auriculo-acupuncture treatment of 32 cases of facial acne vulgaris.] Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1997, 16(3):25 [in Chinese].

230. Dang W et al. [Clinical study on acupuncture treatment of pain caused by stomach cancer.] Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1995, 36(5):277–280 [in Chinese].

231. Dan Y et al. [Clinical study on analgesic effect of acupuncture on carcinomatous pain.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 18(1):17–18 [in Chinese].

232. Chen GP et al. [Observation of therapeutic effects of acupuncture in 44 cases with gastrointestinal reaction induced by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1996, 16(7):359–360 [in Chinese].

233. Dundee JW et al. Acupuncture to prevent cisplatin-associated vomiting. Lancet, 1987, 1:1083.

234. Li H et al. Clinical study on acupuncture treatment of side reactions of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for malignant tumour. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1998, 8(2):8–12.

235. Liu A et al. [Clinical research on attenuating chemotherapeutic toxicity by acupoint stimulation therapy.] Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 17(6):8–9 [in Chinese].

236. Wang SZ et al. [Clinical study on acupuncture control of gastrointestinal reactions to chemotherapy.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1997, 17(1):17–18 [in Chinese].

237. Xia YQ et al. [Acupuncture treatment of reactions due to radiotherapy in patients with malignant tumour.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1984, 4(6):6–8 [in Chinese].

238. Richards D et al. Stimulation of auricular acupuncture points in weight loss. Australian Family Physician, 1998, 27(S2):S73–77.

239. Wang H. Clinical analysis on treatment of 40 cases of hyperlipemia with point-injection of radix salviae miltiorrhizae injection. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1998, 8(4):20–22.

240. Kang SY et al. [Clinical investigation of the treatment of diabetes mellitus with timing acupuncture.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1995, 15(1):6–8 [in Chinese].

241. Latief R. The effect of san yin ciao point on hyperglycemia of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Cermin Dumia Kedokteran, 1987, (44):20–23 [in Indonesian].

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242. Xiong DZ et al. [Observation of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture in the treatment of drug-induced sialorrhea.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1993, 13(3):137–138 [in Chinese].

243. List T et al. The effect of acupuncture in the treatment of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome: a controlled study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 1998, 56(2):95–99.

244. Appiah R et al. Treatment of primary Raynaud’s syndrome with traditional Chinese acupuncture. Journal of Internal Medicine, 1997, 241(2):119–124.

245. Ma RH et al. [Clinical observation of acupuncture treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1996, 16(11):602–623 [in Chinese].

246. Yang XT. [Observation of 108 cases of Tietze’s syndrome treated with short needling plus cupping.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1997, 17(7):435–436 [in Chinese].

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Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari, Sivagangai District, Tamilnadu State, India-630502. E-Mail. dr98646@gmail.com

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-11 Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-11    Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

207. White AR et al. Randomized trial of acupuncture for nicotine withdrawal symptoms. Archives of Internal Medicine, 1998, 158(20):2251–2255.

208. White AR et al. [Smoking cessation with acupuncture? A ‘best evidence synthesis’]. Forschende Komplimentarmedizin, 1997, 4(2):102–105 [in German].

209. Bullock ML et al. Controlled trial of acupuncture for severe recidivist alcoholism. Lancet, 1990, 335:20–21.

210. Bullock ML et al. Acupuncture treatment of alcoholic recidivism: a pilot study. American Journal of Acupuncture, 1987, 15(4):313–320.

211. Bullock ML et al. Controlled trial of acupuncture for severe recidivist alcoholism. Lancet, 1989, 1:1435–1439.

212. Thorer H et al. Acupuncture after alcohol consumption: a sham controlled assessment. Acupuncture-Medicine, 1996, 14(2):63–67.

213. Li YQ et al. Swift needling of zusanli and changqiang in treating infantile diarrhea. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture, 1997, 8(2):187–189.

214. Yang ZW. [Treatment of 100 cases of infantile diarrhoea by acupuncture.] Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 17(6):11. [in Chinese].

215. He JX et al. [Therapeutic effect of acupuncture at LI 4 in the treatment of infantile convulsion due to high fever.] Zhong Xi Yi Jiehe Shiyong Linchuang Jijiu [Clinical Emergency by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine], 1997, 4(8):360–361 [in Chinese].

216. Jin MZ. [Acupuncture plus auricular acupressure treatment of 30 cases of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome.] Guangming Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1998, 78(5):23–24 [in Chinese].

217. Tian LD et al. [Observation of therapeutic effects of 68 cases of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome in children treated with acupuncture.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1996, 16(9):483–484 [in Chinese].

218. Wang CH et al. [Clinical study on acupuncture treatment of sudden deafness.] Acupuncture Research, 1998, 23(1):5–7 [in Chinese].

219. Zhang ZF et al. [Clinical study on acupuncture treatment of acute attack of Ménière’s syndrome.] Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1983, 2(4):28 [in Chinese].

220. Jin XQ et al. [Clinical observation of 35 cases of subjective tinnitus treated with acupuncture.] Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1998, 33(3):118 [in Chinese].

221. Vilholm OJ et al. Effect of traditional Chinese acupuncture on severe tinnitus: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical investigation with open therapeutic control. British Journal of Audiology, 1998, 32(3):197–204.

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222. Mekhamer A et al. Experience with unexplained otalgia. Pain, 1987, (Suppl.):361.

223. Lang BX et al. [Clinical observation of the therapeutic effect of ear acupuncture in treating simple epistaxis.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1995, 15(2):76–77 [in Chinese].

224. Luan YH et al. [Clinical observation of 60 cases of chloasma treated with auricular acupuncture and acupressure.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1996, 16(9):485–486 [in Chinese].

225. Chen BZ et al. Comparative observation of the curative effects of herpes zoster treated by type JI He-Ne laser and polyinosinic acid. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1994, 4(2):29–31.

226. Lunderberg T et al. Effect of acupuncture on experimentally induced itch. British Journal of Dermatology, 1987, 17:771–777.

227. Huang BS et al. [Treatment of 60 cases of neurodermatitis with three-step seven-star needling therapy.] Journal of Guiyang Chinese Medical College, 1998, 20(2):35–36 [in Chinese].

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Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari, Sivagangai District, Tamilnadu State, India-630502. E-Mail. dr98646@gmail.com

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-10 Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-10    Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

186. Xue SM et al. Effects of acupuncture on the left ventricular diastolic function in patients with coronary heart disease. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1992, 2(2):10.

187. Ho FM et al. Effect of acupuncture at nei-kuan on left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease. American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 1999, 27(2):149–156.

188. Hu NK et al. [Acupuncture at neiguan causes haemorrheological improvement in patients with coronary heart disease.] Zhong Xi Yi Jiehe Shiyong Linchuang Jijiu [Clinical Emergency by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine], 1997, 4(5):206–207 [in Chinese].

189. Hou DF et al. [Clinical observation of therapeutic effect of baihui (GV20)-yintang (EX–HN3) electro-acupuncture in 30 cases of post-apoplectic depression.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1996, 16(8):432–433 [in Chinese].

190. Li CD et al. Treating post-stroke depression with “antidepressive” acupuncture therapy: A clinical study of 21 cases. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture, 1994, 5(4):389–393.

191. Luo HC et al. Electro-acupuncture vs amitriptyline in the treatment of depressive states. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1985, 5(1):3–8.

192. Luo HC et al. [Clinical observation of electro-acupuncture on 133 patients with depression in comparison with tricyclic amytriptyline.] Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 1988, 8(2):77–80 [in Chinese].

193. Yang X. Clinical observation of needling extrameridian points in treating mental depression. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1994, 14:14–18.

194. Zhang B et al. A control study of clinical therapeutic effects of laser-acupuncture on depressive neurosis. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1996, 6(2):12–17.

195. Jia YK et al. [Treatment of schizophrenia with helium-neon laser irradiation at acupoints.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1986, 6(1):19–21 [in Chinese].

196. Que YT et al. [Observation of 111 cases of competition stress syndrome treated with auriculo-pressure therapy.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1986, 6(2):57 [in Chinese].

197. Wen HL et al. Treatment of drug addiction by acupuncture and electrical stimulation. Asian Journal of Medicine, 1993, 9:138–141.

198. Culliton RD et al. Overview of substance abuse acupuncture treatment research. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 1996, 2(1):149–159.

199. Bullock ML et al. Auricular acupuncture in the treatment of cocaine abuse: a study of efficacy and dosing. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 1999, 16(1):31–38.

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200. Cai Z et al. [Acupuncture treatment in the late stage of addiction abstinence.] Jiangsu Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1998, 19(12):35 [in Chinese].

201. Margolin A et al. Acupuncture for the treatment of cocaine dependence in methadone-maintained patients. American Journal of Addiction, 1993, 2(3):194–201.

202. Washburn AM et al. Acupuncture heroin detoxification: a single-blind clinical trial. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 1993, 10:345–351.

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206. Waite NR et al. A single-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a simple acupuncture treatment in the cessation of smoking. British Journal off General Practice, 1998, 48(433):1487–1490.

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Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari, Sivagangai District, Tamilnadu State, India-630502. E-Mail. dr98646@gmail.com

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-9 Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-9    Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

165. Li GR et al. [Correction of abnormal foetal position by moxibustion in 74 cases.] Journal of .Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1990, 30(3):11 [in Chinese].

166. Li Q. Clinical observation of correcting malposition of fetus by electro-acupuncture. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1996, 16(4):260–262.

167. Qin GF et al. [Correction of abnormal foetal position by ear point pressure—a report of 413 cases.] China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1989, 30(6):350–352 [in Chinese].

168. Hu XC et al. [The influence of acupuncture on blood prolactin level in women with deficient lactation.] Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1958, (12):557–558 [in Chinese].

169. Chandra A et al. [The influences of acupuncture on breast feeding production.] Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 1995, (105):33–37 [in Indonesian].

170. Guo JS. [Clinical observation of 150 cases of primary hypotension treated by vaccaria seeds pressed on ear points.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1992, 12(6):295–296 [in Chinese].

171. Yu L et al. [Treatment of 180 cases of hypotension with G20 needling.] Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 17(4):8 [in Chinese].

172. Dan Y. [Assessment of acupuncture treatment of hypertension by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.] Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 1998, 18(1):26–27 [in Chinese].

173. Iurenev AP et al. [Use of various non-pharmacological methods in the treatment of patients in the early stages of arterial hypertension.] Terapevticheskii Arkhiv, 1988, 60(1):123–126 [in Russian].

174. Wu CX et al. Scalp acupuncture in treating hypertension in the elderly. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture, 1997, 8(3):281–284.

175. Yu P et al. Clinical study on auricular pressure treatment of primary hypertension. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture, 1991, 2(1):37–40.

176. Zhou RX et al. [The hypotensive effect of ear acupressure—an analysis of 274 cases.] China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1990, 30(2):99–100 [in Chinese]

177. Cai QC et al. [The regulatory effects of acupuncture on blood pressure and serum nitrogen monoxide levels in patients with hypertension.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1998, 18(1):9–11 [in Chinese].

178. Zhou YM. [Observation of the therapeutic effect of 30 cases of cardiac neurosis treated with acupuncture at renying.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1992, 12(2):30–32 [in Chinese].

179. Ballegaard S. Acupuncture and the cardiovascular system: a scientific challenge. Acupuncture-Medicine, 1998, 16(1):2–9.

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180. Ballegaard S et al. Acupuncture in severe, stable angina pectoris: a randomized trial. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 1986, 220(4):307–313.

181. Ballegaard S et al. Effects of acupuncture in moderate, stable angina pectoris: a controlled study. Journal of Internal Medicine, 1990, 227(1):25–30.

182. Dai JY et al. [Clinical observation of ear acupuncture at point heart in the treatment of coronary heart disease.] Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1995, 36(11):664–665 [in Chinese].

183. Cheng BA. [Clinical observation of ear acupressure treatment in 50 cases of angina pectoris.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1995, 15(2):74–75 [in Chinese].

184. Mao XR et al. Effects of acupuncture on angina pectoris, ECG and blood lipids of patients with coronary heart disease. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1993, 3(4):15–19.

185. Zhou XQ et al. [Influence of acupuncture on the calibre of coronary artery in coronary heart disease.] Journal of the Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1990, 10(3):166–167 [in Chinese].

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Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari, Sivagangai District, Tamilnadu State, India-630502. E-Mail. dr98646@gmail.com

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-8 Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

World Health Organaisation

WHO Acupuncture Reference Books List-8    Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu)-View

144. Yin ZF et al. Clinical approach to treatment of benzene-induced leucopenia with acupuncture. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1992, 2(3):15–18.

145. He LY et al. [Observation of therapeutic effect on 30 cases of puerperal retention of urine treated by acupuncture.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1983, 3(5):196 [in Chinese]

146. Pan XW et al. [Application of acupuncture therapy in traumatic urinary retention.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1996, 16(11):596–597 [in Chinese].

147. Aydin S et al. Acupuncture and hypnotic suggestions in the treatment of non-organic male sexual dysfunction. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, 1997, 31(3):271–274.

148. Shui HD. [Acupuncture treatment of defective ejaculation.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1986, 6(1):19 [in Chinese].

149. Luo YN et al. Clinical research on treatment of chronic prostatitis with acupuncture. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1994, 4(3):7–14.

150. Wang SY et al. [The effect of acupuncture in lowering the urethral pressure of female urethral syndrome patients.] Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1997, 16(2):4–6 [in Chinese].

151. Zheng HT et al. [Acupuncture treatment of female urethral syndrome.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1997, 17(12):719–721 [in Chinese].

152. Aune A et al. Acupuncture in the prophylaxis of recurrent lower urinary tract infection in adult women. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 1998, 16(1):37–39.

153. Helms JM. Acupuncture for the management of primary dysmenorrhea. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1987, 69:51–56.

154. Shi XL et al. [Acupuncture at SP 6 in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1994, 14(5):241–242 [in Chinese].

155. Li J et al. [Treatment of 108 cases of premenstrual tension by head-acupuncture.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1992, 12(3):245–246 [in Chinese].

156. Yu J et al. [Relationship of hand temperature and blood β-endorphin immunoreactive substance with electroacupuncture induction of ovulation.] Acupuncture Research, 1986, 11(2):86–90 [in Chinese].

157. Chen BY. Acupuncture normalized dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research, 1997, 22:97–108.

158. Ji P et al. [Clinical study on acupuncture treatment of infertility due to inflammatory obstruction of fallopian tube.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1996, 16(9):469–470 [in Chinese].

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159. Lin PC et al. [Observation of the effect of acupuncture and oxytocin intravenous perfusion for expediting labour.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1992, 12(6):281–283 [in Chinese].

160. Ma WZ et al. [Clinical observation of the influence of puncturing different points on the whole stage of labour.] Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, 1995, 15(3):130–131 [in Chinese].

161. Yu XZ et al. [Observation of hastening of parturition and induction of labour with acupuncture.] Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 1981, 1(1):12–15 [in Chinese].

162. Dundee JW et al. PC 6 acupressure reduces morning sickness. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 1988, 81(8):456–457.

163. Fan YJ. Observation of the therapeutic effect of moxibustion for treatment of pregnant vomiting. World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, 1995, 5(4):31–33.

164. Cardini F et al. Moxibustion for correction of breech presentation: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1998, 280(18):1580–1584.

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Article posted – Arun Acupuncture Clinic Founder and the Chief Consultant -Dr.A.Ravindranathkennedy M.D(Acu), Singampunari, Sivagangai District, Tamilnadu State, India-630502. E-Mail. dr98646@gmail.com